| A/C |
(Abbr) air conditioner or air conditioning. |
| A/C Circuit |
(Alternating Current) The flow of current through a conductor in
alteranting directrions (first in one direction then in reverse).
It is used exclusively in residential and commercial wiring because
it provides greater flexibility in voltage selection and simplicity
of equipment design. Usually alternates at 50 or 60 HZ. |
| A/C Condenser |
The outside fan unit of the Air Conditioning system. It removes
the heat from the refrigerant and "turns" the gas back into a liquid
and pumps the liquid back to the coil in the furnace. |
| A/C Disconnect |
The main electrical ON-OFF switch near the power consuming appliance
like an air conditioner or hot tub. |
| Accelerator |
Any material added to paint, stucco, plaster or mortar which speeds
up the natural set. |
| Acre |
Measure of land equal to 43,500 square feet. |
| ADA |
The Americans with Disabilities Act which gives civil rights protection
to individuals with disabilities similar to those provided to individuals
on the basis of race, color, sex, national origin, age, and religion.
It guarantees equal opportunity for individuals with disabilities
in public accommodations, employment, transportation, State and local
government services, and telecommunications. |
| Addendum |
Written information adding to, clarifying or modifying a documents
like a bid contract. An addendum is generally issued by the owner
to the contractor during the bidding process and as such, addenda
are intended to become part of the contract documents when the construction
contract is executed. |
| Adhesion |
The property of a coating or sealant to bond to a surface. Cohesion
is the bonding of a substance to itself. |
| Aerator |
A round screened that mixes water and air for a smoother flow. Usually
installed in a faucet |
| Agent |
One authorized by a client (principal) to act in his/her stead or
behalf and owes the client a "fiduciary duty" (Trust). Example: Construction
Manager for fee but classified as an independent contractor for tax
purposes. A construction manager for fee does not have any financial
responsibility whereas a construction manager at-risk does have financial
risk similar to a general contractor. |
| Aggregate |
Crushed stone or gravel that comes in a wide range of sizes that
is used to as a base for concrete or for surface built-up roofs. |
| Agreement |
An arrangement between the parties regarding a commitement or method
of action. |
| Air Filters |
Adhesive filters made of metal or various fibers are use to remove
particles of lint and dust from air. These filters will remove as
much as 90% of the dirt if they do not become clogged. The more common
filters are of the throwaway or disposable type. |
| Air space |
The area between insulation facing and interior of exterior wall
coverings. Normally a 1" air gap. |
| Alligatoring |
A type of paint degradation. A condition of paint or aged asphalt
brought about by the loss of volatile oils and the oxidation caused
by solar radiation. "Alligatoring" produces a pattern of cracks resembling
an alligator hide and is ultimately the result of the limited tolerance
of paint or asphalt to thermal expansion or contraction. |
| Allowance |
A sum of money set aside in the construction contract for items
which have not been selected and specified in the construction contract.
For example, selection of tile as a flooring may require an allowance
for an underlayment material, or an electrical allowance which sets
aside an amount of money to be spent on electrical fixtures. |
| Alterations |
A term used to describe partial construction work performed within
an existing structure |
| Alternate Bid |
Amount stated in the bid to be added or deducted from the base bid
amount proposed for alternate materials and/or methods of construction. |
| Aluminum Wire |
Conductors made of aluminum for carrying electricity. Aluminum generally
is limited to the larger wire sizes like main service lines. Due to
its lower conductivity, aluminum wire smaller than No. 12 iare no
longer made. Aluminum is lighter and less expensive than copper but
not as good a conductor. It also breaks easily and may overhead due
to higher resistance. |
| Ammeter |
A device to measure the current flowing in a circuit |
| Amortization |
A payment plan by which a loan is reduced through monthly payments
of principal and interest. |
| Amps (Amperes) |
The rate at which electricity flows through a conductor. |
| Anchor bolts |
Bolts to secure a wooden sill plate to concrete , or masonry floor
or wall. |
| Anchor Bolts |
Bolts which fasten columns, girders or other members to concrete
or masonry such as bolts used to anchor sills to masonry foundation.
Foundation plates or sills shall be bolted to the foundation with
not less than 1/2" diameter steel bolts embedded at least 7" into
the concrete or reinforced masonry or 15" into unreinforced grouted
masonry & spaced not more than & apart. |
| Annual Percentage Rate (APR) |
Annual cost of credit over the life of a loan, including interest,
service charges, points, loan fees, mortgage insurance, and other
items. |
| Application for Payment |
Contractor's written request for payment for completed portions
of the work and, for materials delivered or stored and properly labeled
for the respective project. |
| Apron |
The trim board that is installed beneath a window sill |
| Aprroach |
The area between the sidewalk and the street that leads to a driveway
or the transition from the street as you approach a driveway. |
| Architect |
A licensed professional who designs and supervises the construction
of buildings or other structures. |
| Architect-Engineer |
An individual or firm offering professional services as both architect
and engineer. |
| Architects Basic Services |
A recognized series of phases performed by an architect as follows:
1st Schematic Design Phase, 2nd Design Development Phase, 3rd Construction
Document Phase, 4th Bidding or Negotiated Phase, 5th Construction
Phase. |
| Architects Rule (Ruler) |
Three sided ruler with different scales on each side. Also referred
to as a "scale." |
| Architectural Drawing |
A line drawing showing plan and/or elevation views of the proposed
building for the purpose of showing the overall appearance of the
building. |
| Area wells |
Corrugated metal or concrete barrier walls installed around a basement
window to hold back the earth |
| As-Built Drawings (also known as Record Drawings) |
Contract drawings marked up to reflect changes made during the construction
process. It is good practice to make As-Built drawings by marking
the changes on reproducible drawings such a sepias for the duplication
purposes later. |
| Asphalt |
A dark brown to black, highly viscous, hydrocarbon produced from
the residue left after the distillation of petroleum. Asphalt is used
on roofs and highways as a waterproofing agent. |
| Assessment |
A tax levied on a property, or a value placed on the worth of a
property. |
| Assumption |
Allows a buyer to assume responsibility for an existing loan instead
of getting a new loan. |
| Astragal |
A molding, attached to one of a pair of swinging double doors,
against which the other door strikes. |
| Attic access |
An opening that is placed in the ceiling of a home to provide access
to the attic. |
| Attic Ventilators |
In houses, screened openings provided to ventilate an attic space. |
| Auger |
Boring tool that uses a screw thread to bull a bit into a hole. |
| Back Charge |
Billings for work performed or costs incurred by one party that,
in accordance with the agreement, should have been performed or incurred
by the party to whom billed. Owners bill back charges to general contractors,
and general contractors bill back charges to subcontractors. Examples
of back charges include charges for cleanup work or to repair something
damaged by another subcontractor, such as a tub chip or broken window. |
| Back Nailing |
The practice of nailing roofing felts to the deck under the overlap,
in addition to hot mopping, to prevent slippage of felts. |
| Backfill |
The replacement of excavated earth into a trench around or against
a basement /crawl space foundationwall. |
| Backflow |
The flow of liquids through irrigation into the pipes of a potable
or drinking water supply from any source which is opposite to the
intended direction of flow. Backflow may contaminate source water. |
| Backflow Preventer |
A device or means to prevent backflow into the potable water supply. |
| Backhoe |
Self powered excavation equipment that digs by pulling a boom-mounted
bucket towards itself. Used to dig holes below grade. It is used to
dig basements and/or footings and to install drainage or sewer systems.
|
| Backout |
Work the framing contractor does after the mechanical subcontractors
(Heating-Plumbing-Electrical) finish their phase of work at the Rough
(before insulation) stage to get the home ready for a municipal frame
inspection. Generally, the framing contractor repairs anything disturbed
by others and completes all framing necessary to pass a Rough Frame
Inspection. |
| Ballast |
A transformer that steps up the voltage in a florescent lamp. |
| Balloon Payment |
A loan that has a series of monthly payments with the remaining
balance due in a large lump sum payment at the end. |
| Balloon framed wall |
Framed walls (generally over 10' tall) that run the entire vertical
length from the floor sill plate to the roof. This is done to eliminate
the need for a gable end truss. |
| Balusters |
Vertical members in a railing used between a top rail and bottom
rail or the stair treads. Sometimes referred to as 'pickets' or 'spindles'. |
| Balustrade |
The rail, posts and vertical balusters along the edge of a stairway
or elevated walkway. |
| Barge board |
A decorative board covering the projecting rafter (fly rafter)
of the gable end. At the cornice, this member is a fascia board. |
| Barometer |
Instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure. |
| Barrel Roof |
A roof design based on an arched. |
| Base or baseboard |
A trim board placed against the wall around the room next to the
floor. |
| Basement window inserts |
The window frame and glass unit that is installed in the window
buck. |
| Bat |
A half-brick |
| Batt |
A section of fiber-glass or rock-wool insulation measuring 15 or
23 inches wide by four to eight feet long and various thickness'.
Sometimes "faced" (meaning to have a paper covering on one side) or
"unfaced" (without paper). |
| Batt Insulation |
Strips of insulation ? usually fiberglass, that fit between studs
or other framing. Usually about 8 feet long. |
| Batten |
Narrow strips of wood used to cover joints or as decorative vertical
members over plywood or wide boards. |
| Batten Plate |
A formed piece of metal designed to cover the joint between two
lengths of metal edge. |
| Bay window |
Any window space projecting outward from the walls of a building,
either square or polygonal in plan. |
| Beam |
A structural member transversely supporting a load. A structural
member carrying building loads (weight) from one support to another.
Sometimes called a "girder". |
| Bearing header |
A beam placed perpendicular to joists and to which joists are nailed
in framing for a chimney, stairway, or other opening. (b) A wood lintel.
(c) The horizontal structural member over an opening (for example
over a door or window). |
| Bearing partition |
A partition that supports any vertical load in addition to its
own weight. |
| Bearing point |
A point where a bearing or structural weight is concentrated and
transferred to the foundation |
| Bearing wall |
A wall that supports any vertical load in addition to its own weight. |
| Bed Or Bedding |
In glazing, the bead compound or sealant applied between a lite
of glass or panel and the stationary stop or sight bar of the sash
or frame. It is usually the first bead of compound or sealant to be
applied when setting glass or panels. |
| Bedrock |
A subsurface layer of earth that is suitable to support a structure. |
| Bell Reducer |
In plumbing, a fitting shaped like a bell which has one opening
of a smaller diameter used to reduce the size of the pipe in the line,
and the opposite opening of larger diameter. |
| Bid |
A formal offer by a contractor, in accordance with specifications
for a project, to do all or a phase of the work at a certain price
in accordance with the terms and conditions stated in the offer. |
| Bid |
1. An offer or proposal of a price |
| Bid Bond |
A written form of security executed by the bidder as principal and
by a surety for the purpose of guaranteeing that the bidder will sign
the contract, if awarded the contract, for the stated bid amount. |
| Bid Date/Time |
The due date and time set by the owner, architect or engineer for
receiving bids. |
| Bid Form |
A standard written form furnished to all bidders for the purpose
of obtaining the requested information and required signatures from
the authorized bidding representatives. |
| Bid Opening |
The actual process of opening and tabulating bids submitted within
the prescribed bid date/time and conforming with the bid procedures.
A Bid Opening can be open (where the bidders are permitted to attend)
or closed (where the bidders are not permitted to attend). (see Bid
Date/Time, Open Bid, Closed Bid) |
| Bid Price |
The stipulated sum stated in the bidder?s bid. |
| Bid Shopper |
A buyer or client who seeks to play one proposed supplier or subcontractor
against the other for the purpose of reducing a purchase price. |
| Bid shopping |
A practice by which contractors, both before and after their bids
are submitted, attempt to obtain prices from potential subcontractors
and material suppliers that are lower than the contractors' original
estimates on which their bids are based, or after a contract is awarded,
seek to induce subcontractors to reduce the subcontract price included
in the bid. |
| Bid Tabulation |
A summary sheet listing all bid prices for the purpose of analysing
the bid results. Bid tabulations include the required items of the
invitation to bid and usually include bid amount, completion time,
addendas included, contract exclusions, bonding rate, etc. Often times,
the apparent low bidder is not the low bidder. (see Bid Form ) |
| Bid Time (see Bid Date/Time) |
|
| Bidding |
Getting prices from various contractors and/or subcontractors.
|
| Bidding Documents |
The published advertisement or written invitation to bid , instructions
to bidders, the bid form and the proposed contract documents including
any acknowledged addenda issued prior to receipt of bids. |
| Bidding Period |
The calendar period allowed from issuance of bidding requirements
and contract documents to the prescribed bid date/time. ( see Bid
Date/Time) |
| Bidding requirements |
The procedures and conditions for the submission of bids. The requirements
are included ion documents, such as the notice to bidders, advertisements
for bids, instructions to bidders, invitations to bid, and sample
bid forms. |
| Bidding Requirements |
The written minimum acceptable requirements set forth by the owner
to the contractor during bidding process. The owner usually reserves
the right to reject a bid if the Bidding Requirements are not met.
(see Bidding Documents) |
| Bifold door |
Doors that are hinged in the middle for opening in a smaller area
than standard swing doors. Often used for closet doors. |
| Binder |
A receipt for a deposit to secure the right to purchase a home
at an agreed terms by a buyer and seller. |
| Bipass doors |
Doors that slide by each other and commonly used as closet doors. |
| Bite |
The dimension by which the framing system overlaps the edge of the
glazing infill. |
| Bitumen |
Any of various mixtures of hydrocarbons occurring naturally or
obtained through the distillation of coal or petroleum. (See Coat
Tar Pitch and Asphalt) |
| Blankets |
Fiber-glass or rock-wool insulation that comes in long rolls 15
or 23 inches wide. |
| Blister |
An enclosed raised spot evident on the surface of a building. They
are mainly caused by the expansion of trapped air, water vapor, moisture
or other gases. |
| Block out |
To install a box or barrier within a foundation wall to prevent
the concrete from entering an area. For example, foundation walls
are sometimes "blocked" in order for mechanical pipes to pass through
the wall, to install a crawl space door, and to depress the concrete
at a garage door location. |
| Blocked (door blocking) |
Wood shims used between the door frame and the vertical structural
wall framing members. |
| Blocked (rafters) |
Short "2 by 4's" used to keep rafters from twisting, and installed
at the ends and at mid span. |
| Blocking |
Small wood pieces to brace framing members or to provide a nailing
base for gypsum board or paneling. |
| Blocking |
In carpentry, the process of fastening together two pieces of board
by gluing blocks of wood in the interior angle. |
| Blow insulation |
Fiber insulation in loose form and used to insulate attics and
existing walls where framing members are not exposed. |
| Blue Prints |
Architectural plans for a building or construction project, which
are likely to include floor plans, footing and foundation plans, elevations,
plot plans, and various schedules and or details. |
| Blue stake |
Another phrase for Utility Notification. This is when a utility
company (telephone, gas, electric, cable TV, sewer and water, etc)
comes to the job site and locates and spray paints the ground and/or
installs little flags to show where their service is located underground. |
| Board Foot |
In carpentry, the equivalent of a board 1 foot square and 1 inch
thick. |
| Bond Breaker |
A substance or a tape applied between two adjoining materials to
prevent adhesion between them. |
| Bonding Company |
A properly licensed firm or corporation willing to execute a surety
bond, or bonds, payable to the owner, securing the performance on
a contract either in whole or in part; or securing payment for labor
and materials. |
| Boom |
A truck used to hoist heavy material up and into place. Used to
put trusses on a home or to set a heavy beam into place. |
| Bottom chord |
The lower or bottom horizontal member of a truss. |
| Bottom plate |
The "2 by 4's or 6's" that lay on the subfloor upon which the vertical
studs are installed. Also called the 'sole plate'. |
| Bow (And Warp) |
A curve, bend or other deviation from flatness in glass. |
| Bracing |
Ties and rods used for supporting and strengthening various partS
of a building used for lateral stability for columns and beams. |
| Brake Metal |
Sheet metal that has been bent to the desired configuration. |
| Breaker panel |
The electrical box that distributes electric power entering the
home to each branch circuit (each plug and switch) and composed of
circuit breakers. |
| Brick ledge |
Part of the foundation wall where brick (veneer) will rest. |
| Brick lintel |
The metal angle iron that brick rests on, especially above a window,
door, or other opening. |
| Brick molding |
Trim used around an exterior windews and door jamb as a transition
to brick or molding. |
| Brick tie |
A small, corrugated metal strip @ 1" X 6"- 8" long nailed to wall
sheeting or studs. They are inserted into the grout mortar joint of
the veneer brick, and holds the veneer wall to the sheeted wall behind
it. |
| Brick veneer |
A vertical facing of brick laid against and fastened to sheathing
of a framed wall or tile wall construction. |
| Bridging |
Small wood or metal members that are inserted in a diagonal position
between the floor joists or rafters at mid-span for the purpose of
bracing the joists/rafters & spreading the load. |
| Buck |
Often used in reference to rough frame opening members. Door bucks
used in reference to metal door frame. See Window Bucks |
| Builder's Risk Insurance |
Insurance coverage on a construction project during construction,
including extended coverage that may be added for the contract for
the customer's protections. |
| Building Brick |
Brick for building purposes not especially treated for texture
or color, formerly called "common brick." It is stronger than face
brick. |
| Building Code |
The legal requirements set up by the prevailing various governing
agencies covering the minimum acceptable requirements for all types
of construction. (See Codes) |
| Building codes |
Community ordinances governing the manner in which a home may be
constructed or modified. |
| Building Inspector/Official |
A qualified government representative authorized to inspect construction
for compliance with applicable building codes, regulations and ordinances.
Courts have ruled that building inspections are exempt from errors
and omissions liabilities. |
| Building insurance |
Insurance covering the structure of the building. |
| Building paper |
A general term for papers, felts, and similar sheet materials used
in buildings without reference to their properties or uses. Generally
comes in long rolls. |
| Building Permit |
A written document issued by the appropriate governmental authority
permitting construction to begin on a specific project in accordance
with drawings and specifications approved by the governmental authority. |
| Building Process |
A term used to express every step of a construction project from
it?s conception to final acceptance and occupancy. |
| Bull nose (drywall) |
Rounded drywall corners. |
| Bullfloat |
A tool used to finish and flatten a slab. After screeding, the
first stage in the final finish of concrete, smoothes and levels hills
and voids left after screeding. Sometimes substituted for darbying.
A large flat or tool usually of wood, aluminum or magnesium with a
handle. |
| Bundle |
A package of shingles. Normally, there are 3 bundles per square
and 27 shingles per bundle. |
| Butt edge |
The lower edge of the shingle tabs. |
| Butt hinge |
The most common type. One leaf attaches to the door's edge, the
other to its jamb. |
| Butt joint |
The junction where the ends of two timbers meet, and also where
sheets of drywall meet on the 4 foot edge. To place materials end-to-end
or end-to-edge without overlapping. |
| Butterfly Roof |
A roof assembly which pitches sharply from either side toward the
center. |
| Buy down |
A prepayment (usually paid by a builder or developer) used to reduce
monthly payments on a mortgage. |
| By fold door |
Doors that are hinged in the middle for opening in a smaller area
than standard swing doors. Often used for closet doors. |
| C/D Circuit |
A circuit where electricity flows in one direction only, at a constant
rate. |
| Caisson |
A 10" or 12" diameter hole drilled into the earth and embedded
into bedrock 3 - 4 feet. The structural support for a type of foundation
wall, porch, patio, monopost, or other structure. Two or more "sticks"
of reinforcing bars (rebar) are inserted into and run the full length
of the hole and concrete is poured into the caisson hole |
| Calcium Chloride |
A chemical used to speed up curing of concrete during damp conditions. |
| Canopy |
An overhanging roof. |
| Cant Strip |
A beveled support used at the intersection of the roof deck with
vertical surfaces so that bends in the roofing membrane to form base
flashings can be made without breaking the felts. |
| Cantilever |
A projecting beam or other structure supported only at one end. |
| Cantilevered void |
Foundation void material used in unusually expansive soils conditions.
This void is "trapezoid" shaped and has vertical sides of 6" and 4"
respectively. |
| Cap |
The upper member of a column, pilaster, door cornice, molding,
or fireplace. |
| Cap flashing |
The portion of the flashing attached to a vertical surface to prevent
water from migrating behind the base flashing. |
| Capital |
The principal part of a loan, i.e. the original amount borrowed. |
| Capital and interest |
A repayment loan and the most conventional form of home loan. The
borrower pays an amount each month to cover the amount borrowed (or
capital or principal) plus the interest charged on capital. |
| Cap rate |
The mortgage interest rate will not exceed a specified value during
a certain period of time, but it may fluctuate up and down below that
level. |
| Carbide Bit |
Tool used to drill holes in brick or block. |
| Casement |
Frames of wood or metal enclosing part (or all) of a window sash.
May be opened by means of hinges affixed to the vertical edges. |
| Casement Window |
A window with hinges on one of the vertical sides and swings open
like a normal door |
| Casing |
Wood trim molding installed around a door or window opening. |
| Caulk |
The application of sealant to a joint, crack or crevice. (n) A compound
used for sealing that has minimum joint movement capability; sometimes
called low performance sealant. |
| Caulking |
(1) A flexible material used to seal a gap between two surfaces
e.g. between pieces of siding or the corners in tub walls. (2) To
fill a joint with mastic or asphalt plastic cement to prevent leaks. |
| CCA (Chromated Copper Arsenate) |
A pesticide that is forced into wood under high pressure to protect
it from termites, other wood boring insects, and decay caused by fungus |
| Ceiling joist |
One of a series of parallel framing members used to support ceiling
loads and supported in turn by larger beams, girders or bearing walls.
Also called roof joists. |
| Cellulose Insulation |
Ground up newspaper that is treated with a fire retardant. |
| Celotex ? |
Black fibrous board that is used as exterior sheething. |
| Cement |
The gray powder that is the "glue" in concrete. Portland cement.
Also, any adhesive. |
| Ceramic tile |
A clay tile used to finish a floor or wall. Generally used in bathtub
and shower enclosures and on counter tops. |
| Certificate Of Occupancy |
A document stating that a building is approved for occupancy. The
building authority issues the Certificate of Occupancy. |
| CFM (cubic feet per minute) |
Measure of volume, A rating that expresses the amount of air a
blower or fan can move. The volume of air (measured in cubic feet)
that can pass through an opening in one minute. |
| Chair rail |
Interior trim material installed about 3-4 feet up the wall, horizontally.
Most frequently installed in a dining room. |
| Chalk line |
A line made by snapping a taut string or cord dusted with chalk.
Used for alignment purposes. |
| Change Order |
A written document between the owner and the contractor signed by
the owner and the contractor authorizing a change in the work or an
adjustment in the contract sum or the contract time. A change order
may be signed by the architect or engineer, provided they have written
authority from the owner for such procedure and that a copy of such
written authority is furnished to the contractor upon request. The
contract sum and the contract time may be changed only by change order.
A change order may be in the form of additional compensation or time;
or less compensation or time known as a Deduction (from the contract)
the amount deducted from the contract sum by change order. |
| Change Order Proposal (See Change order) |
A change order proposal is the written document before it has been
approved and effected by the Contractor and Owner. A change order
proposal can be issued by either the contractor or the owner. The
change order proposal becomes a change order only after it has been
approved and effected by the Contractor and Owner. |
| Change Order Request |
A written document issued by the owner requesting an adjustment
to the contract sum or an extension of the contract time; generally
issued by the architect or owners representative. |
| Chase |
A framed enclosed space or channel in a wall, or through a ceiling
for something to pass through. |
| Chemical Injection Grouting |
Leak repair technique usually used below grade in cracks and joints
in concrete walls and floors that involves injection of sealant (usually
urethane) that reacts with water to form a seal. |
| Chink |
To install small pieces of insulation around all exterior door
and window frames, wall corners, and small gaps in the exterior wall. |
| Chip Board |
A manufactured wood panel made out of 1"- 2" wood chips and glue.
Often used as a substitute for plywood in the exterior wall and roof
sheathing. Also called OSB (Oriented Strand Board) or wafer board. |
| Circuit |
The path of electrical flow from a power source through an outlet
and back to ground. |
| Circuit Breaker |
A device which looks like a switch and is usually located inside
the electrical breaker panel or circuit breaker box. It is designed
to (1) shut of the power to portions or all of the house and (2) to
limit the amount of power flowing through a circuit (measured in amperes).
110 volt household circuits require a fuse or circuit breaker with
a rating of 15 or a maximum of 20 amps. 220 volt circuits may be designed
for higher amperage loads e.g. a hot water heater may be designed
for a 30 amp load and would therefore need a 30 amp fuse or breaker. |
| Class "A" |
Optimum fire rating issued by Underwriter's Laboratories on roofing.
The building codes in some areas require this type of roofing for
fire safety. |
| Class "C" |
Minimum fire rating issued by the Underwriters' Laboratories for
roofing materials. |
| Clean out |
An opening providing access to a drain line. Closed with a threaded
plug. |
| Cleat |
A wedge-shaped piece (usually of metal) which serves as a support
or check. A strip fastened across something to give strength or hold
something in position. |
| Clip ties |
Sharp, cut metal wires that protrude out of a concrete foundation
wall (that at one time held the foundation form panels in place). |
| Closed Bid/Estimate |
A service offered by constructionplace.com where only invited bidders
or estimators are given access to the project specific RFP (Request
for Proposal) information.stimator is given access to project specific
RFP (Request for Proposal) information. This option is for those seeking
bids/estimates from a prequalified and selected list of professionals
or service. For security and easy access, the RFP poster receives
an e-mail showing the list of bidders/estimators and links to View
the RFP Details and View any Bids as they are received.This e-mail
gives the poster the ability to file and track their respective RFP's
using their own e-mail filing system. (see Open Bid/Estimate) |
| CO |
An abbreviation for "Certificate of Occupancy". This certificate
is issued by the local municipality and is required before anyone
can occupy and live within the home. It is issued only after the local
municipality has made all inspections and all monies and fees have
been paid. |
| Coating |
A layer of any liquid product spread over a surface for protection.
|
| Codes |
Prevailing regulations, ordinances or statutory requirements set
forth by governmental agencies associated with building construction
practices and owner occupancy, adopted and administered for the protection
of public health, life safety and welfare. (see Building Code) |
| Cold air return |
The ductwork (and related grills) that carries room air back to
the furnace for re-heating. |
| Cold Applied |
Products that can be applied without heating. These are in contrast
to products which need to be heated to be applied. |
| Cold Patch |
In roofing, a roof repair done with cold applied material. |
| Collar |
In roofing, a conical metal cap flashing used in conjunction with
vent pipes or stacks usually located several inches above the plane
of the roof, for the purpose of shedding water away from the base
of the vent. |
| Collar beam |
Nominal 1- or 2-inch-thick members connecting opposite roof rafters.
They serve to stiffen the roof structure. |
| Collar Beam |
In carpentry, a tie that keeps the roof from spreading. Connects
similar rafters on opposite sides of roof. |
| Column |
A vertical structural compression member which supports loads. |
| Combustion air |
The duct work installed to bring fresh, outside air to the furnace
and/or hot water heater. Normally 2 separate supplies of air are brought
in: One high and One low. |
| Combustion chamber |
The part of a boiler, furnace or woodstove where the burn occurs;
normally lined with firebrick or molded or sprayed insulation. |
| Compatible |
Two or more substances which can be mixed or blended without separating,
reacting, or affecting either material adversely. |
| Component |
Any one part of an assembly associated with construction. |
| Composite Board |
An insulation board which has two different insulation types laminated
together in 2 or 3 layers. |
| Compound |
A chemical formulation of ingredients used to produce a caulking,
elastomeric joint sealant, etc. |
| Compression Gasket |
A gasket designed to function under compression. |
| Compression Set |
The permanent deformation of a material after removal of the compressive
stress. |
| Compression web |
A member of a truss system which connects the bottom and top chords
and which provides downward support. |
| Compressor |
A mechanical device that pressurizes a gas. A compressor is the
main component of conventional heat pumps and air conditioners. In
an air conditioning system, the compressor normally sits outside and
has a large fan (to remove heat). |
| Concrete |
The mixture of Portland cement, sand, gravel, and water. Used to
make sidewalks, patios, foundation walls, etc. It is commonly reinforced
with steel rods (rebar) or wire screening (re-mesh). |
| Concrete block |
A hollow concrete 'brick' often 8" x 8" x 16" in size. |
| Concrete board |
A panel made out of concrete and fiberglass usually used as a tile
backing material. |
| Condensation |
Beads or drops of water (and frequently frost in extremely cold
weather) that accumulate on the inside of the exterior covering of
a building. Use of louvers or attic ventilators will reduce moisture
condensation in attics. A vapor barrier under the gypsum lath or dry
wall on exposed walls will reduce condensation. |
| Condensation |
The appearance of moisture (water vapor) on the surface of an object
caused by warm moist air coming into contact with a colder object. |
| Condensing unit |
The outdoor component of a cooling system. It includes a compressor
and condensing coil designed to give off heat. |
| Conditions, Convenants, and Restrictions (CC and Rs) |
The standards that define how a property may be used and the protections
the developer makes for the benefit of all owners in a subdivision. |
| Conduction |
The flow of heat from one part of a substance to another part.
A piece of iron with one end placed in a fire will soon become warm
from end to end, from the transfer of heat by the actual collision
of the air molecules. |
| Conductivity |
The rate at which heat is transmitted through a material. |
| Conduit |
A tube for protecting electric wires. |
| Conduit, electrical |
A pipe, usually metal, in which wire is installed. |
| Construct |
To assemble and combine construction materials and methods to make
a structure. |
| Construction |
The act or process of constructing. |
| Construction Contract |
A legal document which specifies the what, when, where, who and
how much a construction project will require |
| Construction Cost |
1. The direct contractor costs for labor, material, equipment, and
services; contractors overhead and profit; and other direct construction
costs. Construction cost does not include the compensation paid to
the architect and engineer and consultants, the cost of the land,
rights-of-way or other costs which are defined in the contract documents
as being the responsibility of the owner. (see Soft Costs) |
| Construction Document Review |
The owners review of the borrowers construction documents (plans
and specifications), list of materials, and cost breakdowns for the
purpose of confirming that these documents and estimates are feasible
and are in accordance with the proposed loan or project appraisal. |
| Construction Documents |
All drawings, specifications and addenda associated with a specific
construction project. |
| Construction Documents |
A term used to represent all drawings, specifications, addenda,
other pertinent construction information associated with the construction
of a specific project. |
| Construction Documents Phase |
The third phase of the architect's basic services wherein the architect
prepares working drawings, specifications and bidding information.
Depending on the architects scope of services the architect may assists
the owner in the preparation of bidding forms, the conditions of the
contract and the form of agreement between the owner and contractor. |
| Construction drywall |
A type of construction in which the interior wall finish is applied
in a dry condition, generally in the form of sheet materials or wood
paneling as contrasted to plaster. |
| Construction Loan |
A loan provided by a lending institution specifically to construct
or renovate a building. |
| Construction Management |
Organizing and directing men, materials, and equipment to accomplish
the purpose of the designer. |
| Construction Management Contract |
A written agreement wherein responsibilities for coordination and
accomplishment of overall project planning, design and construction
are given to a construction management firm. The building team generally
consists of the owner, contractor and designer or architect. |
| Construction Phase |
The fifth and final phase of the architect's basics services, which
includes the architect's general administration of the construction
contract(s). |
| Construction, frame |
A type of construction in which the structural components are wood
or depend upon a wood frame for support. |
| Consultant |
One hired by the owner or client to give professional advise. |
| Continuity tester |
A device that tells whether a circuit is capable of carrying electricity. |
| Contract |
An agreement between two or more parties, especially one that is
written and enforceable by law |
| Contract Administration |
The contractual duties and responsibilities of the architect and
engineer during the construction phase of a specific project. |
| Contract Bond |
A written form of security from a surety company, on behalf of an
acceptable prime or main contractor or subcontractor, guaranteeing
complete execution of the contract and all supplemental agreements
pertaining thereto and for the payment of all legal debts pertaining
to the construction of the project. |
| Contract Documents |
A term used to represent all executed agreements between the owner
and contractor; any general, supplementary or other contract conditions;
the drawings and specifications; all addenda issued prior to execution
of the contract; and any other items specifically stipulated as being
included in the contract documents. |
| Contract Over-run (under-run) |
The difference between the original contract price and the final
completed cost including all adjustments by approved change order. |
| Contract Payment Bond |
A written form of security from a surety company to the owner, on
behalf of an acceptable prime or main contractor or subcontractor,
guaranteeing payment to all persons providing labor, materials, equipment,
or services in accordance with the contract. |
| Contract Performance Bond |
A written form of security from a surety company to the owner, on
behalf of an acceptable prime or main contractor or subcontractor,
guaranteeing the completion of the work in accordance with the terms
of the contract. |
| Contract Period |
The elapsed number of working days or calendar days from the specified
date of commencing work to the specified date of completion, as specified
in the contract. |
| Contract Sum |
The total agreeable amount payable by the owner to the contractor
for the performance of the work under the contract documents. (see
Change Order) |
| Contract Time |
The time period set forth established in the contract documents
for completing a specific project; usually stated in working days
or calendar days. The contract time can only be adjusted by valid
time extensions through change order. |
| Contracting Officer |
An official representative of the owner with specific authority
to act in his behalf in connection with a specific project. |
| Contractor |
A company licensed to perform certain types of construction activities.
In most states, the generals contractor's license and some specialty
contractor's licenses don't require of compliance with bonding, workmen's
compensation and similar regulations. Some of the specialty contractor
licenses involve extensive training, testing and/or insurance requirements.
There are various types of contractors: |
| Contractor's Option |
A written provision in the contract documents giving the contractor
the option of selecting certain specified materials, methods or systems
without changing in the contract sum. |
| Contractor's Qualification Statement |
A written statement of the Contractor's experience and qualifications
submitted to the Owner during the contractor selection process. The
American Institute of Architects publishes a standard Contractor's
Qualification Statement form for this purpose. |
| Contractual Liability |
The liability assumed by a party under a contract. |
| Control joint |
Tooled, straight grooves made on concrete floors to "control" where
the concrete should crack |
| Convection |
A method of transferring heat by the actual movement of heated
molecules, usually by a freestanding unit such as a furnace. |
| Cooling load |
The amount of cooling required to keep a building at a specified
temperature during the summer, usually 78° F, regardless of outside
temperature. |
| Cooling Tower |
A large device mounted on roofs, consisting of many baffles over
which water is pumped in order to reduce its temperature. |
| Coped |
Removing the top and bottom flange of the end(s) of a metal I-beam.
This is done to permit it to fit within, and bolted to, the web of
another I-beam in a "T" arrangement |
| Coped joint |
Cutting and fitting woodwork to an irregular surface. |
| Coping |
A construction unit placed at the top of the parapet wall to serve
as a cover for the wall. |
| Copper Pipe Types |
Type K has the heaviest or thickest wall and is generally used
underground. It has a green stripe. (Kelly Green). Type L has a medium
wall thickness and is most commonly used for water service and for
general interior water piping. It has a blue stripe (Lavender Blue).
Type M has a thin wall and many codes permit its use in general water
piping installation. It has a red stripe. (Mad Red) |
| Corbel |
The triangular, decorative and supporting member that holds a mantel
or horizontal shelf. |
| Core |
A small section cut from any material to show internal composition.
|
| Corner bead |
A strip of formed sheet metal placed on outside corners of drywall
before applying drywall 'mud'. |
| Corner boards |
Used as trim for the external corners of a house or other frame
structure against which the ends of the siding are finished. |
| Corner braces |
Diagonal braces at the corners of the framed structure designed
to stiffen and strengthen the wall. |
| Cornice |
A horizontal projecting course on the exterior of a building, usually
at the base of the parapet. |
| Corrosion |
The deterioration of metal by chemical or electrochemical reaction
resulting from exposure to weathering, moisture, chemicals or other
agents or media. |
| Corrugated |
Folded or shaped into parallel ridges or furrows so as to form
a symmetrically wavy surface. |
| Cost Breakdown |
A breakdowns of all the anticipated costs on a construction or
|
| Cost Codes |
A numbering system given to specific kinds of work for the purpose
of organizing the cost control process of a specific project. |
| Cost of Work |
All costs incurred by the contractor in the proper performance of
the work required by the plans and specifications for a specific project. |
| Cost Plus Contract (see Cost Plus Fee Agreement) |
|
| Cost Plus Fee Agreement (Cost-Plus) |
A written agreement with the owner under which the contractor or
the architect and engineer is reimbursed for his/her direct and indirect
costs and, in addition, is paid a fee for his services. The fee is
usually stated as a stipulated sum or as a percentage of cost. |
| Counter flashing |
A metal flashing usually used on chimneys at the roofline to cover
shingle flashing and used to prevent moisture entry. |
| Counterfort |
A foundation wall section that strengthens (and generally perpendicular
to) a long section of foundation wall |
| Course |
A row of shingles or roll roofing running the length of the roof.
Parallel layers of building materials such as bricks, or siding laid
up horizontally. |
| Course |
A single layer of brick or stone or other building material. |
| Cove molding |
A molding with a concave face used as trim or to finish interior
corners. |
| Covenants |
Rules usually developed by a builder or developer regarding the
physical appearance of buildings in a particular geographic area.
Typical covenants address building height, appropriate fencing and
landscaping, and the type of exterior material (stucco, brick, stone,
siding, etc) that may be used. |
| Crawl Space |
An open area between the floor of a building and the ground. |
| Credit rating |
A report ordered by a lender from a credit agency to determine
a borrower's credit habits. |
| Cricket |
A second roof built on top of the primary roof to increase the
slope of the roof or valley. A saddle shaped, peaked construction
connecting a sloping roof with a chimney. Designed to encourage water
drainage away from the chimney joint. |
| Cripple |
Short vertical "2 by 4's or 6's" frame lumber installed above a
window or door. |
| Critical Path |
The set of activities that must be completed on time for the project
completion date to be met. Activities on the critical path have no
slack time. |
| Critical Path Method (C.P.M.) |
A planning scheduling and control line and symbol diagram drawn
to show the respective tasks and activities involved in constructing
a specific project. |
| Cross bridging |
Diagonal bracing between adjacent floor joists, placed near the
center of the joist span to prevent joists from twisting. |
| Cross Tee |
Short metal "T" beam used in suspended ceiling systems to bridge
the spaces between the main beams. |
| Crown molding |
A molding used on cornice or wherever an interior angle is to be
covered, especially at the roof and wall corner. |
| CSI |
Construction Specification Institute |
| CSI Master Format |
The CSI Master Format is a system of numbers and titles for organizing
construction information into a regular, standard order or sequence.
By establishing a master list of titles and numbers Master Format
promotes standardization and thereby facilitates the retrieval of
information and improves construction communication. It provides a
uniform system for organizing information in project manuals, for
organizing project cost data, and for filing product information and
other technical data. |
| Culvert |
Round, corrugated drain pipe (normally 15" or 18" in diameter)
that is installed beneath a driveway and parallel to and near the
street. |
| Cupola |
A small monitor or dome at the peak of a pitched roof. |
| Cupping |
A type of warping that causes boards to curl up at their edges. |
| Curb |
The short elevation of an exterior wall above the deck of a roof.
Normally a 2 by 6 box (on the roof) on which a skylight is attached. |
| Curb |
A short wall or masonry built above the level of the roof that
provides a means of flashing the deck equipment. |
| Curb stop |
Normally a cast iron pipe with a lid (@ 5" in diameter) that is
placed vertically into the ground, situated near the water tap in
the yard, and where a water cut-off valve to the home is located (underground).
A long pole with a special end is inserted into the curb stop to turn
off/on the water. |
| Current Date Line |
A vertical line on the chart indicating the current date. |
| Cut Off |
A piece of roofing membrane consisting of one or more narrow plies
of felt usually moped in hot to seal the edge of insulation at the
end of a day's work. |
| Cutback |
In roofing, basic asphalt or tar which has been "cut back" with
solvents and oils so that the material become fluid. |
| Dado |
A groove cut into a board or panel intended to receive the edge
of a connecting board or panel. |
| Daily Construction Report |
A written document and record that has two main purposes: |
| Damper |
A metal "door" placed within the fireplace chimney. Normally closed
when the fireplace is not in use. |
| Dampproofing |
A process used on concrete, masonry or stone surfaces to repel
water, the main purpose of which is to prevent the coated surface
from absorbing rain water while still permitting moisture vapor to
escape from the structure. (Moisture vapor readily penetrates coatings
of this type.) "Dampproofing" generally applies to surfaces above
grade; "waterproofing" generally applies to surfaces below grade. |
| Darby |
A flat tool used to smooth concrete flatwork immediately after
screeding. See Bullfloating |
| Date of Agreement |
1. Usually on the front page of the agreement |
| Date of Commencement of the Work |
The date established in a written notice to proceed from the owner
to the contractor. |
| Date of Substantial Completion |
The date certified by the architect when the work or a designated
portion thereof is sufficiently complete, in accordance with the contract
documents, so the owner may occupy the work or designated portion
thereof for the use for which it is intended. |
| Daylight |
The end of a pipe (the terminal end) that is not attached to anything. |
| Dead bolt |
An exterior security lock installed on exterior entry doors that
can be activated only with a key or thumb-turn. Unlike a latch, which
has a beveled tongue, dead bolts have square ends. |
| Dead light |
The fixed, non-operable window section of a window unit. |
| Dead Load |
The constant, design weight (of the roof) and any permanent fixtures
attached above or below. |
| Deck, decked |
To install the plywood or wafer board sheeting on the floor joists,
rafters, or trusses. |
| Dedicated circuit |
An electrical circuit that serves only one appliance (ie, dishwasher)
or a series of electric heaters or smoke detectors. |
| Default |
Breach of a mortgage contract (not making the required payments). |
| Deflect |
To bend or deform under weight. |
| Delamination |
Separation of the plies in a panel due to failure of the adhesive.
Usually caused by excessive moisture. |
| Demising Walls |
The boundaries that separate your space from your neighbors' and
from the public corridor. |
| Demolition permit |
Authorization to tear down and remove an existing structure. |
| Design |
A graphical representation of a concept consisting of plan views,
interior and exterior elevations, sections, and other drawings and
details to depict the goal or purpose for a building or other structure. |
| Design-Build Construction |
When a Prime or Main contractor bids or negotiates to provide Design
and Construction services for the entire construction project. |
| Design-Construct Contract |
A written agreement between and contractor and owner wherein the
contractor agrees to provide both design and construction services. |
| Design-Development Phase |
The second phase of the architect's basic services wherein the architect
prepares drawings and other presentation documents to fix and describe
the size and character of the entire project as to architectural,
structural, mechanical and electrical systems, materials and other
essentials as may be appropriate; and prepares a statement of probable
construction cost. |
| Dew Point |
The critical temperature at which vapor condenses from the atmosphere
and forms water. |
| Direct Cost (or expense) |
All items of expense directly incurred by or attributable to a specific
project, assignment or task. Direct Costs, Hard Costs, and Construction
Costs are synonymous. (see Construction Costs and Hard Costs) |
| Disconnect |
A large (generally 20 Amp) electrical ON-OFF switch. |
| Discount rate |
A mortgage interest rate that is lower than the current rate for
a certain period of time, e.g. 2.00% below variable rate for 2 years. |
| Door operator |
An automatic garage door opener. |
| Door stop |
The wooden style that the door slab will rest upon when it's in
a closed position. |
| Doorjamb, interior |
The surrounding case into which and out of which a door closes
and opens. It consists of two upright pieces, called side jambs, and
a horizontal head jamb. These 3 jambs have the "door stop" installed
on them. |
| Dormer |
An opening in a sloping roof, the framing of which projects out
to form a vertical wall suitable for windows or other openings. |
| Double glass |
Window or door in which two panes of glass are used with a sealed
air space between. Also known as Insulating Glass. |
| Double hung window |
A window with two vertically sliding sashes, both of which can
move up and down. |
| Double Plate |
when two layers of 2 x 4's are placed on top of studs in framing
a wall. |
| Double Strength |
In float glass, approximately 1/8" (3 mm.) thick. |
| Double Tee |
Refers usually to a precast roof deck panel poured with two fins
in its underside to impart flexural rigidity. |
| Down payment |
The difference between the sales price and the mortgage amount.
A downpayment is usually paid at closing. |
| Downspout |
The metal pipe used to drain water from a roof. |
| Drain tile |
A perforated, corrugated plastic pipe laid at the bottom of the
foundation wall and used to drain excess water away from the foundation.
It prevents ground water from seeping through the foundation wall.
Sometimes called perimeter drain. |
| Draw |
The amount of progress billings on a contract that is currently
available to a contractor under a contract with a fixed payment schedule. |
| Drawing Detail |
A top view drawing of a building or roof showing the roof perimeter
and indicating the projections and roof mounted equipment, drawn to
scale. |
| Drawing Outline |
A top view drawing of a building or roof showing only the perimeter
drawn to scale. |
| Drip |
A member of a cornice or other horizontal exterior finish course
that has a projection beyond the other parts for throwing off water.(or)
A groove in the underside of a sill or drip cap to cause water to
drop off on the outer edge instead of drawing back and running down
the face of the building. |
| Drip cap |
A molding or metal flashing placed on the exterior topside of a
door or window frame to cause water to drip beyond the outside of
the frame. |
| Drip Edge |
A device designed to prevent water from running back or under an
overhang. |
| Drippage |
Bitumen material that drips through roof deck joints, or over the
edge of a roof deck. |
| Dry Glazing |
Also called compression glazing, a term used to describe various
means of sealing monolithic and insulating glass in the supporting
framing system with synthetic rubber and other elastomeric gasket
materials. |
| Dry In |
To make a building waterproof. |
| Dry Seal |
Accomplishment of weather seal between glass and sash by use of
strips or gaskets of Neoprene, EPDM, silicone or other flexible material.
A dry seal may not be completely watertight. |
| Dry Sheet |
A ply mechanically attached to wood or gypsum decks to prevent
asphalt or pitch from penetrating the deck and leaking into the building
below. |
| Drywall |
Sheetrock (gypsum board) that covers the framing and taping, coating,
and finishing to make the interior walls and ceilings of a building.
Drywall is also used as a verb to refer to installation process. |
| Drywall (or Gypsum Wallboard (GWB), Sheet rock or Plasterboard) |
Wall board or gypsum- A manufactured panel made out of gypsum plaster
and encased in a thin cardboard. Usually 1/2" thick and 4' x 8' or
4' x 12' in size. The panels are nailed or screwed onto the framing
and the joints are taped and covered with a 'joint compound'. 'Green
board' type drywall has a greater resistance to moisture than regular
(white) plasterboard and is used in bathrooms and other "wet areas". |
| Drywall Hammer |
A special hammer used for nailing up gypsum board. It is also known
as an ax or hatchet. Edges should be smooth and the corners rounded
off. The head has a convex round & checkered head. |
| Duct |
A cylindrical or rectangular "tube" used to move air either from
exhaust or intake. The installation is referred to as "duct work".
|
| Ducts |
The heating system. Usually round or rectangular metal pipes installed
for distributing warm (or cold) air from the furnace to rooms in the
home. Also a tunnel made of galvanized metal or rigid fiberglass,
which carries air from the heater or ventilation opening to the rooms
in a building. |
| Dumbwaiter |
An elevator with a maximum footage of not more than 9 sq. ft. floor
area; not more than 4" headroom and a maximum capacity of 500 lbs.
used for carrying materials only. |
| Dura board, dura rock |
A panel made out of concrete and fiberglass usually used as a ceramic
tile backing material. Commonly used on bathtub decks. Sometimes called
Wonder board |
| Duration |
The length of an activity, excluding holidays and other non-working
days. |
| Durometer |
The measurement of hardness of a material. A gauge to measure the
hardness of an elastomeric material. |
| DWV (drain-waste-vent) |
The section of a plumbing system that carries water and sewer gases
out of a home. |
| Earnest Money |
A sum paid to the seller to show that a potential purchaser is
serious about buying. |
| Earthquake Strap |
A metal strap used to secure gas hot water heaters to the framing
or foundation of a house. Intended to reduce the chances of having
the water heater fall over in an earthquake and causing a gas leak. |
| Easement |
A formal contract which allows a party to use another party's property
for a specific purpose. e.g. A sewer easement might allow one party
to run a sewer line through a neighbors property. |
| Eave |
The part of a roof which projects out from the side wall, or the
lower edge of the part of a roof that overhangs a wall. |
| Edge Clearance |
Nominal spacing between the edge of the glass product and the bottom
of the glazing pocket (channel). |
| Edge Metal |
A term relating to brake or extruded metal around the perimeter
of a roof. |
| EER |
Energy Efficiency Ratio; is figured by dividing BTU hours by watts. |
| Efflorescence |
The process by which water leeches soluble salts out of concrete
or mortar and deposits them on the surface. Also used as the name
for these deposits. |
| Egress |
A means of exiting the home. An egress window is required in every
bedroom and basement. Normally a 4' X 4' window is the minimum size
required |
| Elbow (ell) |
A plumbing or electrical fitting that lets you change directions
in runs of pipe or conduit. |
| Electric lateral |
The trench or area in the yard where the electric service line
(from a transformer or pedestal) is located, or the work of installing
the electric service to a home. |
| Electric resistance coils |
Metal wires that heat up when electric current passes through them
and are used in baseboard heaters and electric water heaters. |
| Electrical entrance package |
The entry point of the electrical power including: (1) the 'strike'
or location where the overhead or underground electrical lines connect
to the house, (2) The meter which measures how much power is used
and (3) The 'panel' or 'circuit breaker box ' (or 'fuse box') where
the power can be shut off and where overload devices such a fuses
or circuit breakers and located. |
| Electrical permit |
A separate permit required for most electrical work. |
| Electrical Rough |
Work performed by the Electrical Contractor after the plumber and
heating contractor are complete with their phase of work. Normally
all electrical wires, and outlet, switch, and fixture boxes are installed
(before insulation). |
| Electrical Trim |
Work performed by the electrical contractor when the house is nearing
completion. The electrician installs all plugs, switches, light fixtures,
smoke detectors, appliance "pig tails", bath ventilation fans, wires
the furnace, and "makes up" the electric house panel. The electrician
does all work necessary to get the home ready for and to pass the
municipal electrical final inspection |
| Electrolytic Coupling |
A fitting required to join copper to galvanized pipe and gasketed
to prevent galvanic action. Connecting pipes of different materials
may result in electrolysis. |
| Elevation |
A side of a building. |
| Elevation sheet |
The page on the blue prints that depicts the house or room as if
a vertical plane were passed through the structure. |
| Emulsion |
In roofing, a coating consisting of asphalt and fillers suspended
in water. |
| End Lap |
The amount or location of overlap at the end of a roll of roofing
felts in the |
| EPDM |
Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer. A single ply membrane used as
a water seal. |
| Equity |
The "valuation" that you own in your home, i.e. the property value
less the mortgage loan outstanding. |
| Escrow |
The handling of funds or documents by a third party on behalf of
the buyer and/or seller. |
| Escutcheon |
An ornamental plate that fits around a pipe extending through a
wall or floor to hide the cut out hole |
| Estimate |
The amount of labor, materials, and other costs that a contractor
anticipates for a project as summarized in the contractor's bid proposal
for the project. |
| Estimating |
A process of calculating the amount of material, labor and equipment
required for a given project necessary to complete the work as specified. |
| Evaporator coil |
The part of a cooling system that absorbs heat from air in your
home. Also see condensing unit. |
| Excavate |
Dig the basement and or all areas that will need footings/foundations
below ground. |
| Expansion Coefficient |
The amount that a specific material will vary in any one dimension
with a change of temperature. |
| Expansion Joint |
A device used to permit a structure to expand or contract without
breakage. |
| Expansive soils |
Earth that swells and contracts depending on the amount of water
that is present. ("Betonite" is an expansive soil). |
| Exposed aggregate finish |
A method of finishing concrete which washes the cement/sand mixture
off the top layer of the aggregate - usually gravel. Often used in
driveways, patios and other exterior surfaces. |
| Extras |
Additional work requested of a contractor, not included in the
original plan, which will be billed separately and will not alter
the original contract amount, but increase the cost of building the
home. |
| Extrusion |
An item formed by forcing a base metal (frequently aluminum) or
plastic, at a malleable temperature, through a die to achieve a desired
shape. |
| Eyebrow |
A flat, normally concrete, projection which protrudes horizontally
from a building wall; Eyebrows are generally located above windows.
|
| Façade |
The front of a building. Frequently, in architectural terms an
artificial or decorative effort. |
| Face Brick |
Brick made especially for exterior use with special consideration
of color, texture and size, and used as a facing on a building. |
| Face nail |
To install nails into the vertical face of a bearing header or
beam. |
| Faced concrete |
To finish the front and all vertical sides of a concrete porch,
step(s), or patio. Normally the "face" is broom finished. |
| Facility or Site Analysis |
A visual inspection of a building and on-site improvements for functional
or physical deterioration; prepare optional Replacement Cost Estimate
for making recommendations to improve functional and physical deficiencies
to increase market value; AND/OR prepare a Reserve Study over five
(5) years to increase Net Operating Income (NOI) for the facility.(See
Site Analysis) |
| Facing brick |
The brick used and exposed on the outside of a wall. Usually these
have a finished texture. |
| Factory Mutual Fm |
A major insurance agency who has established stringent guidelines
for maximum construction integrity as it relates to fire and environmental
hazards. Their specifications have become industry standards. |
| Fascia |
Horizontal boards attached to rafter/truss ends at the eaves and
along gables. Roof drain gutters are attached to the fascia. |
| Fast Track Construction (Fast Tracking) |
A method of construction management which involves a continuous
design-construction operation. When a prime or main contractor starts
the construction work BEFORE the plans and specifications are complete.
(See Design-Build Construction) |
| Fasteners |
A general term covering a wide variety of screws and nails which
may be used for mechanically securing various components of a building.
|
| Felt |
A very general term used to describe composition of roofing ply
sheets, consisting of a mat of organic or inorganic fibers unsaturated,
impregnated with asphalt or coal tar pitch, or impregnated and coated
with asphalt. |
| Female |
Any part, such as a nut or fitting, into which another (male) part
can be inserted. Internal threads are female. |
| Ferrous |
Refers to objects made of or partially made of iron, such as ferrous
pipe. |
| Ferrule |
Metal tubes used to keep roof gutters "open". Long nails (ferrule
spikes) are driven through these tubes and hold the gutters in place
along the fascia of the home. |
| FHA strap |
Metal straps that are used to repair a bearing wall "cut-out",
and to "tie together" wall corners, splices, and bearing headers.
Also, they are used to hang stairs and landings to bearing headers. |
| Field measure |
To take measurements (cabinets, countertops, stairs, shower doors,
etc.) in the home itself instead of using the blueprints. |
| Field Order |
A written order effecting a minor change or clarification in the
work not involving an adjustment to the contract sum or an extension
of the contract time. |
| Field Work Order |
A written request to a subcontractor or vendor, usually from the
general or main contractor, site for services or materials. |
| Final Acceptance |
The action of the owner accepting the work from the contractor when
the owner deems the work completed in accordance with the contract
requirements. Final acceptance is confirmed by the owner when making
the final payment to the contractor. |
| Final Inspection |
A final site review of the project by the contractor, owner or owner?s
authorized representative prior to issuing the final certificate for
payment. |
| Final Payment |
The last payment from the owner to the contractor of the entire
unpaid balance of the contract sum as adjusted by any approved change
orders. (see Final Acceptance) |
| Finger joint |
A manufacturing process of interlocking two shorter pieces of wood
end to end to create a longer piece of dimensional lumber or molding.
Often used in jambs and casings and are normally painted (instead
of stained). |
| Finish Carpentry |
The hanging of all interior doors, installation of door molding,
base molding, chair rail, built in shelves, etc. |
| Finish Coat |
The last coat applied in plastering intended as a base for paint
or further decorating. Finish coat usually consists of calcified gypsum,
lime and sometimes an aggregate. Some may require the addition of
lime or sand on the job. The three basic methods of applying it are
(1) trowel (2) flat and (3) spray. |
| Finish Date |
The date that an activity or project is completed. |
| Finish Grade |
Any surface which has been cut to or built to the elevation indicated
for that point. Surface elevation of lawn, driveway or other improved
surfaces after completion of grading operations. |
| Fire brick or block |
Brick made of refractory ceramic material which will resist high
temperatures. Used in a fireplace and boiler. |
| Fire retardant chemical |
A chemical or preparation of chemicals used to reduce the flammability
of a material or to retard the spread of flame. |
| Fire stop |
A solid, tight closure of a concealed space, placed to prevent
the spread of fire and smoke through such a space. In a frame wall,
this will usually consist of 2 by 4 cross blocking between studs.
Work performed to slow the spread of fire and smoke in the walls and
ceiling (behind the drywall). Includes stuffing wire holes in the
top and bottom plates with insulation, and installing blocks of wood
between the wall studs at the drop soffit line. This is integral to
passing a Rough Frame inspection. See also 'Fire block'. |
| Fireplace chase flashing pan |
A large sheet of metal that is installed around and perpendicular
to the fireplace flue pipe. It's purpose is to confine and limit the
spread of fire and smoke to a small area. |
| Fire-resistive or Fire rated |
Applies to materials that are not combustible in the temperatures
of ordinary fires and will withstand such fires for at least 1 hour.
Drywall used in the garage and party walls are to be fire rated, 5/8",
Type X. |
| Fish tape |
A long strip of spring steel used for fishing cables and for pulling
wires through conduit. |
| Fishplate (gusset) |
A wood or plywood piece used to fasten the ends of two members
together at a butt joint with nails or bolts. Sometimes used at the
junction of opposite rafters near the ridge line. Sometimes called
a gang nail plate. |
| Fixed Fee |
A set contract amount for all labor, materials, equipment and services;
and contractors overhead and profit for all work being performed for
a specific scope of work. |
| Fixed Limit of Construction Costs |
A construction cost ceiling agreed to between the owner and architect
or engineer for designing a specific project. (See Budget) |
| Fixed price contract |
A contract with a set price for the work. See Time and Materials
Contract. |
| Fixed Rate Mortgage |
A loan where the initial payments are based on a certain interest
rate for a stated period . The rate payable will not change during
this period regardless of changes in the lender's standard variable
rate. |
| Flagstone (flagging or flags) |
Flat stones (1 to 4 inches thick) used for walks, steps, floors,
and vertical veneer (in lieu of brick). |
| Flakeboard |
A manufactured wood panel made out of 1"- 2" wood chips and glue.
Often used as a substitute for plywood in the exterior wall and roof
sheathing. Also called OSB or wafer board. |
| Flame retention burner |
An oil burner, designed to hold the flame near the nozzle surface.
Generally the most efficient type for residential use. |
| Flash Point |
The critical temperature at which a material will ignite. |
| Flashing |
Weatherproof material installed between roof sheathing (or wall
sheathing) and the finish materials to help keep moisture away from
the sheathing. |
| Flashing Base |
The upturned edge of the watertight membrane formed at a roof termination
point by the extension of the felts vertically over the cant strip
and up the wall for a varying distance where they are secured with
mechanical fasteners. |
| Flashing, Counter |
The formed metal secured to a wall, curb, or roof top unit to cover
and protect the upper edge of a base flashing and its associated fasteners.
|
| Flashing, Step |
Individual small pieces of metal flashing material used to flash
around chimneys, dormers, and such projections along the slope of
a roof. The individual pieces are overlapped and stepped up the vertical
surface. |
| Flat mold |
Thin wood strips installed over the butt seam of cabinet skins. |
| Flat paint |
An interior paint that contains a high proportion of pigment and
dries to a flat or lusterless finish. |
| Flat Seam |
A seam at the junction of sheet metal roof components that has
been bent at the plane of the roof. |
| Flatwork |
Common word for concrete floors, driveways, basements, and sidewalks. |
| Fleet Averaging |
By using a point system, builders can show compliance with energy
building requirements by using average figures for all air conditioning
units in the same sub division. |
| Floating |
The next-to-last stage in concrete work, when you smooth off the
job and bring water to the surface by using a hand float or bull float. |
| Floating wall |
A non-bearing wall built on a concrete floor. It is constructed
so that the bottom two horizontal plates can compress or pull apart
if the concrete floor moves up or down. Normally built on basements
and garage slabs. |
| Floor Plan |
The basic layout of building or addition, which includes placement
of walls, windows and doors as well as dimensions. |
| Flue |
Large pipe through which fumes escape from a gas water heater,
furnace, or fireplace. Normally these flue pipes are double walled,
galvanized sheet metal pipe and sometimes referred to as a "B Vent".
Fireplace flue pipes are normally triple walled. In addition, nothing
combustible shall be within one inch from the flue pipe. |
| Flue collar |
Round metal ring which fits around the heat flue pipe after the
pipe passes out of the roof. |
| Flue damper |
An automatic door located in the flue that closes it off when the
burner turns off; purpose is to reduce heat loss up the flue from
the still-warm furnace or boiler. |
| Flue lining |
2-foot lengths, fire clay or terra-cotta pipe (round or square)
and usually madein all ordinary flue sizes. Used for the inner lining
of chimneys with the brick or masonry work done around the outside.
Flue linings in chimneys runs from one foot below the flue connection
to the top of the chimney. |
| Fluorescent lighting |
A fluorescent lamp is a gas-filled glass tube with a phosphur coating
on the inside. Gas inside the tube is ionized by electricity which
causes the phosphur coating to glow. Normally with two pins that extend
from each end. |
| Fly rafters |
End rafters of the gable overhang supported by roof sheathing and
lookouts. |
| Folded Seam |
In sheet metal work, a joint between sheets of metal wherein the
edges of the sheets are crimped together and folded flat. |
| Footer, footing |
Continuous 8" or 10" thick concrete pad installed before and supports
the foundation wall or monopost. |
| Forced air heating |
A common form of heating with natural gas, propane, oil or electricity
as a fuel. Air is heated in the furnace and distributed through a
set of metal ducts to various areas of the house. |
| Form |
Temporary structure erected to contain concrete during placing
and initial hardening. |
| Foundation |
The supporting portion of a structure below the first floor construction,
or below grade, including the footings. |
| Foundation ties |
Metal wires that hold the foundation wall panels and rebar in place
during the concrete pour. |
| Foundation waterproofing |
High-quality below-grade moisture protection. Used for below-grade
exterior concrete and masonry wall damp-proofing to seal out moisture
and prevent corrosion. Normally looks like black tar |
| Frame Inspection |
The act of inspecting the home's structural integrity and it's
complianceto local municipal codes. |
| Framer |
The carpenter contractor that installs the lumber and erects the
frame, flooring system, interior walls, backing, trusses, rafters,
decking, installs all beams, stairs, soffits and all work related
to the wood structure of the home. The framer builds the home according
to the blueprints and must comply with local building codes and regulations. |
| Framing |
Lumber used for the structural members of a building, such as studs,
joists, and rafters. |
| Frieze |
In house construction a horizontal member connecting the top of
the siding with the soffit of the cornice. |
| Frost lid |
Round metal lid that is installed on a water meter pit. |
| Frost line |
The depth of frost penetration in soil and/or the depth at which
the earth will freeze and swell. This depth varies in different parts
of the country. |
| Fully Adhered |
A completely attached (adhered) roof membrane. |
| Furring strips |
Strips of wood, often 1 X 2 and used to shim out and provide a
level fastening surface for a wall or ceiling. |
| Fuse |
A device often found in older homes designed to prevent overloads
in electrical lines. This protects against fire. See also 'circuit
breakers'. |
| Gable |
The end, upper, triangular area of a home, beneath the roof. |
| Galvanize |
To coat a metal with zinc by dipping it in molten zinc after cleaning.
|
| Gambrel Roof |
A type of roof which has its slope broken by an obtuse angle, so
that the lower slope is steeper than the upper slope. A double sloped
roof having two pitches. |
| Gang nail plate |
A steel plate attached to both sides at each joint of a truss.
Sometimes called a fishplate or gussett. |
| Gantt Chart |
The schedule of activities for a project. A Gantt Chart shows start
and finish dates, critical and non-critical activities, slack time,
and predecessor relationships. |
| Gas lateral |
The trench or area in the yard where the gas line service is located,
or the work of installing the gas service to a home. |
| Gate valve |
A valve that lets you completely stop?but not modulate?the flow
within a pipe. |
| Gauge |
The thickness of sheet metal and wire, etc. |
| General Conditions |
A written portion of the contract documents set forth by the owner
stipulating the contractor?s minimum acceptable performance requirements
including the rights, responsibilities and relationships of the parties
involved in the performance of the contract. General conditions are
usually included in the book of specifications but are sometimes found
in the architectural drawings. |
| General Contractor |
A contractor responsible for all facets of construction of a building
or renovation. |
| General Contractor A contractor who enters into a contract with
the owner of a project for the construction of the project and who
takes full responsibility for its completion, although the contractor
may enter into subcontracts with others for the performance of specific
parts or phases of the project. |
|
| GFCI, or GFI |
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter- an ultra sensitive plug designed
to shut off all electric current. Used in bathrooms, kitchens, exterior
waterproof outlets, garage outlets, and "wet areas". Has a small reset
button on the plug. |
| GFRC |
Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete; Material used in wall systems that
resembles but generally does not perform as well as concrete. Usually
a thin cementitious material laminated to plywood or other lightweight
backing. |
| Girder |
A main beam upon which floor joists rest, usually made of steel
or wood. |
| Glazing |
The process of installing glass, which commonly is secured with
glazier's points and glazing compound. |
| Globe valve |
A valve that lets you adjust the flow of water to any rate between
fully on and fully off. Also see gate valve. |
| Gloss enamel |
A finishing paint material. Forms a hard coating with maximum smoothness
of surface and dries to a sheen or luster (gloss) |
| Glued Laminated Beam (Glulam) |
A structural beam composed of wood laminations or lams. The lams
are pressure bonded with adhesives to attain a typical thickness of
1 ½" . (It looks like 5 or more 2 X 4's are glued together). |
| Grade |
Ground level, or the elevation at any given point. Also the work
of leveling dirt. Also the designated quality of a manufactured piece
of wood. |
| Grade beam |
A foundation wall that is poured @ level with or just below the
grade of theearth. An example is the area where the 8' or 16' overhead
garage door "block out" is located, or a lower (walk out basement)
foundation wall is poured |
| Grade Mw |
Moderate Weather grade of brick for moderate resistance to freezing
used, for example, in planters. |
| Grade Sw |
Severe Weather grade of brick intended for use where high resistance
to freezing is desired. |
| Grading permit |
Authorization to change the contour of the land. |
| Graduated Payment Mortgage (GPM) |
A fixed rate, fixed schedule loan. It starts with lower payments
than a level payment loan; payments rise annually, with the entire
increase being used to reduce the outstanding balance. The increase
in payments may enable the borrower to pay off a 30-year loan in 15
to 20 years, or less |
| Grain |
The direction, size, arrangement, appearance, or quality of the
fibers in wood. |
| Granules |
The mineral particles of a graded size which are embedded in the
asphalt coating of shingles and roofing. |
| Grid |
The completed assembly of main and cross tees in a suspended ceiling
system before the ceiling panels are installed. Also the decorative
slats (munton) installed between glass panels. |
| Ground |
Refers to electricity's habit of seeking the shortest route to
earth. Neutral wires carry it there in all circuits. An additional
grounding wire or the sheathing of the metal clad cable or conduit?protects
against shock if the neutral leg is interrupted. |
| Ground fault |
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI, GFI) an ultra sensitive
plug designed to shut off all electric current. Used in bathrooms,
kitchens, exterior waterproof outlets, garage outlets, and "wet areas".
Has a small reset button on the plug. |
| Ground iron |
The plumbing drain and waste lines that are installed beneath the
basement floor. Cast iron was once used, but black plastic pipe (ABS)
is now widely used. |
| Grounding Rod |
Rod used to ground an electrical panel. |
| Groundwater |
Water from an aquifer or subsurface water source. |
| Grout Or Grouting |
A cement mortar mixture commonly used to fill joints and cavities
of masonry. |
| Gunite |
A construction material composed of cement, sand or crushed slag
and water mixed together and forced through a cement gun by pneumatic
pressure, used in the construction of swimming pools. |
| Gusset |
A flat wood, plywood, or similar type member used to provide a
connection at the intersection of wood members. Most commonly used
at joints of wood trusses. They are fastened by nails, screws, bolts,
or adhesives. |
| Gutter |
Metal trough at the eaves of a roof to carry rain water from the
roof to the |
| Gutter Strap |
Metal bands used to support the gutter. |
| Guy Wire |
A strong steel wire or cable strung from an anchor on the roof
to any tall slender projection for the purpose of support. |
| Gypsum |
See Drywall |
| Gypsum Keene Cement |
Material used to obtain a smooth finish coat of plaster, for use
over gypsum plastic base coats only and in areas not subject to moisture.
It is the hardest plaster. |
